This humorous and intimate account of the Jewish immigrants who arrived in England - thinking that they'd arrived in America - charts their rags to riches story from the ghettos of Eastern Europe to the self-made empires of Marks and Spencer, Burton's Clothing, and countless more. Combining drama with documentary, a 19th Century Russian Jew searches the City of Leeds for a people that have since moved on. Having moved up the social ladder and out of the city slums, younger...

This humorous and intimate account of the Jewish immigrants who arrived in England - thinking that they'd arrived in America - charts their rags to riches story from the ghettos of Eastern Europe to the self-made empires of Marks and Spencer, Burton's Clothing, and countless more. Combining drama with documentary, a 19th Century Russian Jew searches the City of Leeds for a people that have since moved on. Having moved up the social ladder and out of the city slums, younger generations of Leeds Jews moved away, married out, and forgot where they came from. A tale of cat and mouse between present and past, we are guided by this lone wandering Jew as he retraces the final footsteps of his last, lost tribe. Opening Credits: Glass & Glass Pictures Proudly Presents In Association With Makor, Centre For Jewish Culture & The Kind Generosity Of Mr Sam Gitlic A Film By Simon Glass Assistant Producer Tom Lever Assistant Director Mark Trifunovic Soundtrack by The Fraylach Spielers Sound Design Adam Nabarro-Steel Costume & Make-Up Rose Love Produced By Simon Glass And Harvey Ascott Photographed & Edited By Stefan Fairlamb Written & Directed by Simon Glass A sequence follows of individuals and couples, making comments on camera, about the contributions they are about to make in the film, some comments critical some humorous. Title: The Last Tribe More on camera comments follow in a similar vein. Views follow of Leeds in black and white, appearing as a small square on the main screen which provides a black background. Famous manufacturers' names appear on some of the buildings shown, such as ‘Tetley’ and ‘Burton’. A train pulls into a station, followed by a street sign which reads ‘North Street 54 – 88’. A view follows of a bandstand, and people sitting on benches in a public park, which is followed by a view of a solitary horse standing in a field. On camera an elderly man reminisces about life for Jewish people in a ghetto during a time of persecution. Still archive photographs show families and gatherings of men and children. A woman talks about persecution in Poland. An old photograph shows the dead bodies of men covered in sheets; a banner with Hebrew text is draped across them. Another man talks on camera about Jewish immigration into Leeds from Russia and Poland, again still archive photographs show crowds of people on a quayside standing next to a ship. Those speaking on camera give accounts of how the immigrants including those in their own family thought they had arrived in America, not northern England. One contributor says that the only way for people like his parents to escape persecution in their homeland was often to walk many miles and hope when they got to the coast, they could get passage to a new country. Another black and white film sequence follows similar to the one shown earlier, showing farmland and a journey on a train followed by the station platform sign for Leeds central. A solitary man carrying a small sack gets off a train. He wears clothes reminiscent of an East European as he makes his way out of the station; he takes a piece of paper out of his pocket on which the word ‘Leeds’ is written. A view follows of the ‘Leeds Central’ station sign attached to a wall. The man continues to walk across the station concourse; the next view shows him walking along a city centre street. He stops next to the nymph statue and light standard by Alfred Drury in City Square. He takes from his pocket a pencil drawing of the American Statue of Liberty and compares the two. Title: 1. Leeds “The first industrial city…” Archival film shows horse-drawn vehicles in Leeds city centre. Title: Nigel Grizzard The Historian On camera Nigel speaks about the tailoring industry in Leeds and how it attracted many Jews to settle in the City. Title: Hymie Cohen The Immigrant’s Son Hymie talks of his family coming to Leeds, old family photographs and pictures of official documents are displayed showing nationality and birthplace. Title: Solly Jackson On camera Solly talks of his family background and where they lived and worked in Leeds. Nigel Grizzard comments on how the size of the Jewish community had risen to about 15000 in the early 1900s. More photographs of families and documents follow, one document is marked with a stamp which reads ‘Leeds City Police -17 Feb 1916 – Alien Registration Office’ Title: Ronnie Teeman The Lawyer Ronnie outlines how the Jewish community brought their own culture; the way they looked and dressed drew attention from the general community. Old photographs show family groups from around the turn of the century. Nigel Gizzard outlines an attack on the Jewish community by a mob in 1917, destroying shops and property in the Leylands area. Title: Anthony Clavane The Writer He outlines that it was generally considered that the Jews weren’t supporting the British war effort at the time of the First World War, although many volunteers who joined up were Jewish. Photographs show groups of soldiers in uniform Ronnie Teeman explains that volunteers saw it as their duty to join up and help the country that had given them a home. Another black and white film sequence follows and the newly arrived immigrant strolls through a covered market, where there are fish and meat stalls. The young man takes a piece of paper from his pocket, more views follow of the nearby food stalls. The piece of paper has a name and address on it ‘K Goldberg 28 Harehills Avenue’ The man tries to attract the attention of passers-by, presumably to ask how he might get there. Several people try to help him with directions, eventually he walks towards the market’s exit. Title: 2. The Ghetto “I thought it was part of the religion to have a fight…” On screen Hymie Cohen explains that many of the new immigrants to Leeds lived in the Leylands area of the city. Old photographs show cobbled streets and old terraced housing. Title: Regina Waldman Market Trader Regina gives a brief account of her life in the Leylands Title: Uncle Jack & Auntie Flo The couple outline their early years in the Leylands. Nigel Gizzard, the historian describes life in the Leylands; old photographs show corner shops, old streets and a large group of children posing for the camera. Hymie Cohen says that many of the Russian and other immigrants in that area didn’t speak English, only Yiddish. Title: Max Freeman He explains that parents would often take children with them to the cinema. Hymie Cohen continues that the parents would ask their children to translate for them when anyone spoke on screen. Regina Waldman talks of parents wanting to make sure their children got a good education. Black and white film shows children in a classroom, the teacher translates a phrase in Hebrew on a blackboard. Title: Ted Gould the Shul President Says that parents were keen to ensure their children learned English Max Freeman outlines his school day, along with footage showing tuition in Hebrew. Title: Isadore Pear Talks of his early life being fairly sheltered from life outside the Jewish enclave. Solly Jackson says he knew hardly anyone outside the Leylands. Black and white footage shows schoolchildren smiling at the camera through the bars of a metal fence and others running across a schoolyard. The speakers talk of some friction between some of the Jewish children and the non-Jewish. Max Freeman recalls the fights outside the Hebrew schools in the evening. Title: Isadore Pear “Mockey Cohen’s Gang” Isadore outlines how the Jewish children organised themselves into gangs. Max says he thought it was part of the religion to fight to get into the Hebrew school. The film goes back to the black and white footage of the immigrant’s progress in Leeds. The film shows a sign for Burton’s the tailors followed by a group of musicians playing in the street. The young man wanders along the city centre streets, and heads towards the town hall. A man dressed in a suit stands next to the young man who is looking up at the town hall from the steps below the entrance. The man in the suit shows the new immigrant an address written on an edition of the Yorkshire Post; it reads ‘37 Briggate’. The man in the suit is himself a new arrival and the young man gives him the directions he needs. However, before the man in the suit goes, the young man shows him the address he has and he in turn receives directions. They shake hands and both go their separate ways. Title: 3. A Tribe Of Tailors “We were living and laughing – but we were going nowhere.” Regina Waldman talks on camera about the discrimination Jews experienced in the employment market. Title: Regina Waldman, MBE Title: Max Freeman The Tailor Max Freeman recounts a similar experience when applying for a job at a local tailor. Title: Isadore Pear The Cutter Isadore said the only employment for many immigrant Jews was in woodwork or tailoring trades. Contributors along with archive photographs go on to expand the story of the tailoring trade in Leeds and the increasing population of Jewish immigrants. Title: Malcolm Berwin The Manufacturer Malcolm adds more insight into the expansion of the tailoring industry in Leeds. Black and white film shows workers sewing or operating machines to produce new garments. Footage shows a large corner shop belonging to Burton’s the tailors Title: Leslie Silver Leslie talks of his late father in law who worked for Burtons the tailors. Black and white film shows men at work cutting cloth in a factory, and women at sewing machines. Anthony Clavane, the writer says that Burtons in the 1930s was the biggest clothing manufacturer in western Europe. More film follows of women and men at work making suits and other garments. Title: Anita Woolman Anita continues the story of Montagu Burtons, along with film showing a man being fitted for suit; his wife looks on as the shop assistant helps her partner. In the background is a large wardrobe of overcoats and suits. Contributors talk of the hard work individuals did to improve their lives, many moving into other areas of Leeds such as Chapeltown. Title: Rev. Anthony Gilbert The Minister Black and white film shows people walking along suburban streets with superimposed maps of Chapeltown. Contributors tell of how Chapeltown became a popular area to live for the Jewish community and for local businesses. Title: Ray & Renee The Girls’ Brigade The two women reminisce about a fish and chip shop in the area which was a well-known meeting spot. Regina Waldman reminisces about social life in Chapeltown. Black and white film shows a religious service in progress. Title: Solly Jackson The Spieler Solly continues with his story Title: Joe Manning Acknowledges that the Jewish community in the first half of the 20th century was trapped in several key occupations, and ‘going nowhere as he says. The film continues in black and white as the young immigrant continues his journey in Leeds. He wanders along deserted streets and comes to a passageway with a faded sign above the entrance which reads ‘North Street’. He walks through then crosses piles of broken brick and rubble. He stands looking at the direction signs that hang above a nearby motorway, one of them directs traffic to Chapeltown another to Harehills. The young man looks at the note on his piece of paper again, as Harehills appears in the address, he then continues his journey. Title: 4. The New Refugees “Today, I would be called an asylum seeker” On screen an elderly man tells of how he escaped Nazi persecution as a child. A woman follows on and recalls being a child growing up with Nazism, archive still photographs follow. Title: Edith Goldberg The Kinder Refugee Edith continues her story. The elderly man continues the story of his experiences. Title: Heinz Skyte The Trainee They both talk about the attacks made on Jews in Germany at the time, archive photographs show the results of the targeted violence. Edith tells of how the Gestapo arrested her father, mother and uncle and took them to a concentration camp. Title: Alfie Israel The Refugees’ Son Alfie tells of his family’s experience in wartime Germany, and their escape to England. Heinz Skyte tells of how his family arrived in England from Germany. Black and white photographs accompany his story of how children under 16 came to Britain, under the Kinder Transport scheme. Edith, Heinz and Alfie continue with their experience of the Kinder Transport scheme, and their life in wartime Britain. Home movies show Edith with her young family at Knaresborough, and their father rowing a boat for them in the river. Other holiday locations follow with Edith taking pictures of her children. The black and white film of the refugee continues, shows several religious centres, followed by the young refugee still walking through Leeds streets. He looks through the gates of one of the synagogues. From a seating area near the roof of a building, probably a theatre he watches two dancers performing on a stage. He walks down some stairs and leaves the building. He stops in the street and a sign on a wall on the opposite side of the roads reads ‘Chapeltown Road’ Title: 5. 1939 – 45 Regina Waldman recalls watching film of Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister just before the war and his ‘Peace in Our Time’ declaration. Isadore Pear recalls the time when war was declared. Title: Leslie Silver: The RAF Engineer Leslie describes a bombardment in London at Christmas time 1940. The factory he worked at was destroyed but the company had premises in Leeds so he moved with the company. Hymie Cohen recounts his wartime experiences. Title: Joe Manning The Royal Scot He tells of how his life changed at the age of twenty, because of the war and his entry into the army. Isadore Pear recalls his experience of anti-Semitism during wartime. Title: Max Freeman The Naval Officer Recalls how his father warned of anti-Semitism in the navy, and he tells the tale of fights he got into after he was insulted. Joe Manning recalls more of his wartime experiences in the forces, and how they changed his future aspirations. Title: Isadore Pear The Sergeant Major He recalls how his wartime experience in the army changed his view on life. Asked by the interviewer about any particular wartime experiences that affected him, Isadore is visibly upset, and explains although he can recall them he can’t talk about them. Leslie Silver talks of how he joined the Royal Air Force to fight Fascism. Anthony Clavane recalls his uncle fighting in the second world war; accompanying photographs of his uncle show him with his army comrades. Anthony explains it was probably the first time his uncle had met people from outside the Jewish community. Max Freeman continues his account of his wartime service with the Royal Navy. After the war he recalls that he didn’t want to go back to being a tailor, but his mother insisted he should. Title: Uncle Jack The Military Driver Jack also was reluctant to go back to tailoring after war service, but he did. Leslie Silver explains that after four years in the Air Force he married his girlfriend back at home in Leeds. The black and white refugee film continues showing the young man stopping outside a fish and chip shop called Cantors. He takes out some food wrapped in a cloth but chooses not to eat it and wraps it up again. A view of a street sign reads Harehills Avenue. The young refugee opens the piece of paper he’s been carrying which has on it the name K Goldberg, and the address 28 Harehills Avenue. He finds the house and walks up the footpath to the front door, he looks up at the windows. He then turns and walks back down the path. Title: 6. Three-Bedroom Suburbia “…anything but the clothing business!” Nigel Gizzard the historian talks of the aspirations of Jewish people in Leeds after the second world war, for many it was to move from flats above shops or poor housing stock in Chapeltown to the suburbs. Home movie film shows Edith Goldberg’s family getting into their Triumph Herald car, and the children playing in the garden of their semi-detached house. Anthony Clavane talks of how the tailoring business in Leeds declined in the Fifties and Sixties. Title: Malcolm Berwin The Manufacturer Malcolm recalls how the Jewish community moved into different areas of Leeds and started to do other types of work. Leslie Silver recalls that Jewish people were moving into the professions rather than tailoring or manufacturing. Title: Edward Ziff the Businessman Edward talks of the move into larger businesses by Jewish businessmen and cites the Burton Group and Marks and Spencer, both firms were established in Leeds. Anthony Clavane outlines the success of the Marks and Spencer brand. An old photograph shows a portrait view of Michael Marks, followed by a painting of a market stall with a sign that reads ‘Marks’ Penny Bazaar’. This is followed by a publicity brochure for ‘Marks and Spencer Limited The Family Store’ Ted Gould tells of Jewish people being elected to the City council and holding mayoral office. Title: Anita Woolman The Councillor Talks of how the Jewish community wanted to work for the benefit of the wider community Anthony Clavane talks about Arnold Ziff and his company opening the Merrion centre in Leeds, one of the biggest shopping centres in Europe at the time. Title: Arnold Ziff, OBE The title is superimposed on a black and white photo of him on site possibly laying a foundation stone. This is followed by an aerial photo of the Merrion centre, which opened in 1964. Another photo follows of a board room with a man standing close to the camera while others sit around a table. Title: Manny Cussins The name appears on the photograph. Manny Cussins was a former chairman of Leeds United football club. Edward Ziff outlines the Jewish community’s reputation of being charitable and philanthropic, as well as producing tough businessmen. The community also enjoyed and being involved in sports. Ronnie Teeman The Lawyer Ronnie speculates on what a Jewish businessman might talk to his non-Jewish colleagues about. Religion he says would not be a topic for conversation, but sport he says would be the common denominator between the two cultures. Nigel Gizzard tells some of the history of Leeds United and the involvement of the Jewish community. Anthony Clavane continues the story over a photograph of Leeds United players and their manager Middlesbrough born Don Revie. Another photograph follows with a title: Title: The Board Leeds United 1965 Three of the six members of the board were Jewish. Title: Leslie Silver, OBE The Chairman Leeds United 1983 – 1996 He explains how the Leeds United football helped the Jewish community to be fully integrated into the wider community. Title: Mason Glass The Macher Explains how he attended football matches on a Saturday rather than attending religious instruction. Anthony Clavane outlines how Jews were integrating into society, becoming successful and importantly being accepted. The black and white film continues with the refugee’s progress. The young man grasps the railings that surround a mosque (?) He walks past a Roman Catholic church. He stops to look at a statue of Mary which stands in a niche on a stone wall. He compares the statue with a drawing he has of the head of the Statue of Liberty. Title: 7. The Next Generation “Religion isn’t as fashionable as it was…” The Rev. Anthony Gilbert talks of Leeds’ population of Jews declining, and the fact it has been so rapid shocks him. Mason Glass continues that out of the 25000 or so Jews in 1960’s Leeds, he reckons that the current population is around 7000. Ted Gould says the attraction to young people of Manchester and London has led to the decline of the population, as well as the reduced immigration into Leeds. Ronnie Teeman also says that large Jewish families have also declined. Nigel Gizzard with more film from Edith Goldberg’s collection of home movies, explains that Jews married outside the religion and the continuity of those marrying outside the faith aided the decline which is perhaps not surprising the more integrated the Jews became in the wider population. Anthony Clavane says the price paid for the level of high integration is loss of identity Heinz Skyte briefly says religion isn’t as fashionable as it was. Anthony Gilbert says that with the lack of Jewish shops, schools, and places of interest the community is finished, it’s fragmented. Hymie Cohen supports the assessment and bluntly says there is virtually no Jewish community left, and the future is for further reduction. Anthony Clavane, along with archive film showing a Jewish congregation in a synagogue, film of children playing in a garden, and a children’s party from Edith Goldberg’s collection, says that the more integrated into the adopted society the Jewish immigrants become, their culture is diluted. Nigel Gizzard adds that with other immigration groups expanding in the community, the Christian population originally the main group the Jews would integrate with is changing. Title: Raina Sheaf & Rabbi Kleiman The Next Generation The Rabbi talks of the numbers of Jews left in the community, views follow of film showing a large audience in a studio, children playing games, war veterans marching and a group of schoolgirls singing. Nigel Gizzard asks from where will any new Jewish immigrants come and what is the future for the Leeds community? Uncle Jack & Auntie Flo talk about the future. Title: Edward Ziff The President Leeds Jewish Welfare Board Edward contemplates the future of the community. Raina Sheaf talks very positively about the future of the Jewish community in Leeds. Anthony Clavane talks of the success of Jewish immigration and integration over the last 150 years. The black and white story of the refugee continues at a cemetery. He walks along the rows of headstones and stops at one with an English inscription commemorating Kate Goldberg. He places the drawing of the Statue of Liberty and an old photograph at the foot of the headstone. Title: The Last Tribe “We’re Still in Business” Max Freeman is asked what it means to him to be Jewish. He says he was born Jewish and he’ll die Jewish. Solly Jackson insists that they’re gypsies, and victims of oppression but they survive and are still “in business.” Leslie Silver says he isn’t a religious man but will support those who are, his own personal views on religion are in many ways a result of his experiences during the war. Anita Woolman insists that the Jewish community must support the wider community. Michael Berwin feels very patriotic about his adopted country, he’s played rugby, been in the air force and studied at university. He is proud to be Jewish and proud to be British. Anthony Clavane says that Jews from Leeds should be particularly proud given the successful businesses that have started in Leeds and the football club which has flourished. Nigel Gizzard says he’ll be a Leeds United supporter until he dies, which he says is an appropriate epithet for Leeds Jewry. Anita Woolman says as a public servant as she wanted to give something back to the country. The black and white film follows the young refugee to a synagogue. He stands in the grounds of the synagogue and stares at the building. A portrait view of the young man shows the film changes from black and white to colour. He continues to walk towards the building. Inside worshippers read from religious texts, a view shows a list of names who died during the World War I. Poppies mounted on wooden Stars of David stand in a row outside the synagogue. Another list of casualties is shown this time from World War 2. Schoolchildren sit on the floor reading religious texts. A general view of Leeds follows showing several tall buildings. The film cuts to a public park, followed by a view of street sign which reads North Street 54-88. An attractive sign made of tiles on the wall of a building advertises Montague Burton The Tailor of Taste. General views follow of Leeds city centre. Title: The Tribe Credits: Hymie Cohen, Anita Woolman, Ted Gould, Regina Waldman, MBE, Nigel Gizzard, Solly Jackson, Ronnie Teeman, Anthony Clavane, Jack Goldberg, & Flo Burman, Max Freeman, Isadore Pear Malcolm Berwin, Leslie Silver, OBE, Reverend Anthony Gilbert, Ray Goodwin & Renee Grant, Mason Glass, Joe Manning, Heinz Skyte, Edith Goldberg, Alfie Israel, Edward Ziff, Raina Sheaf & Rabbi Jason Kleiman End Credits: And Introducing Benjamin Casper as the Russian Landsman and Ali Midea as the Kurdish Immigrant Assistant Producer Tom Lever Assistant Director Mark Trifunovic Production Assistants Thomas Pitt, Chloe Trayner, Klaudia Staniek Sound Design Adam Nabarro-Steel Sound Recording Paull Harrison, Simon Harris, Darren Mitchell, Jonathan Grice Costume & Make-up Rose Love Produced by Simon Glass and Harvey Ascott Colourist Jon Dobson On-Line Edit Andrew Dobson Technical Support Peter North Title Credits Glass & Glass Pictures Religious Consultant Rabbi Dov Gilbert Counselling & Consultancy Beryl Glass Production Assistant Jacob Glass Stills Photographer Cristina Cretu Executive Producers Mr. Sam Gitlic, Stanley Cundle, MBE, Helen Frais, Raina Sheaf Sponsored by Makor Opening the Door to Jewish Culture With the Kind Generosity of Mr. Sam Gitlic And the Continued Support of The University of Leeds and WGN Chartered Accountants and Business & Tax Advisors Soundtrack by The Fraylich Spielers Klezma Band Photographed and Edited by Stefan Fairlamb Written and Directed by Simon Glass Russia In Europe, J Bartholomew (1880): Map Supplied By © University of Oxford, Bodleian Library Courtesy of Protinus Holdings Limited Leeds Ordnance Survey (1906 – 1908): Maps Supplied By © Protinus Holdings Ltd. University of Oxford, Bodleian Library Collection. Images of Pogroms: YIVO, Institute for Jewish Research Ghetto Fighters House Moving Images Supplied By Yorkshire Film Archive, Burton Collection, Alec Baron Collection, (Uncle) Jack Goldberg’s Collection, Riley Brothers, Leeds Streets Scenes (1898), 8 O’Clock Special, Weekend Travels to Scarborough, Weekend in Paris Images of Jewish Families & Sewing Room: © Leeds Museums and Galleries (Leeds Museum Discovery Centre) Images of The Leylands: Leeds Library and Information Service, www. leodis.net Images of Kristallnacht And Kindertransport: The Weiner Library, London Images of Marks & Spencer: The M&S Company Archive Images of Ziff Family and Merrion Centre: Yorkshire Post/ Yorkshire Evening Post C.H. Wood, Bradford Images of Manny Cussins & Leeds United Football Club: John Varley, Varley Picture Agency, Yorkshire Post/Yorkshire Evening Post Images of Hull Docks and Russian Immigrants Arriving West Yorkshire Archive Service, Manchester Jewish Museum ‘Yankele’ Performed by The Fraylach Spielers ‘Turk In Amerika’ Performed by The Fraylach Spielers ‘Rumanian Fantasy’ Performed by Tantz Orchestra ‘Kinos,Tkios Un Asrei’ Performed Boibriker Kapelle ‘Rebe Eli Melech’ Performed by The Fraylach Spielers All Efforts Have Been Made to Ensure Copyright Clearance For All Photographs, Moving Images And Music Used In This Film. With Our Deepest Thanks and Gratitude Wendy Tobias& The Beth Hamedrash Hagadol Synagogue Rabbi Kupperman, Neil Freize & The Etz Chaim Synagogue Rabbi Levi & The United Hebrew Congregation Synagogue Peter North, Andrew Thorpe & All at The Institute Of Communication Studies, University of Leeds. Mr Clem Lorie, Ms Marrion Lipman, Mr. Percy Stern, Reverend Gerald Harris, Alan Alster BBBC, Rebecca Quest, Mr Victor Zermansky Mr Stephen Brown, Ms. Betty Manning (Joe’s Wife), Rabbi Douglas Charring, Dr, Nicholas Evans, Ms Adele Suckall & Ms Hazel Mostyn (Clavane’s Aunts) Mr. Simon Popple, Dr. Nicholas Pronay, Anthony ‘Al Cohn’ Frewin, Cecily Barber, Fiona MCallister, Ed Marks, Graham Roberts, John Tilley, Henry Deas, Raina Sheaf, Jo Saipe And The Zone Youth Club, Helen Frais, Stella Wolff And Makor, Centre For Jewish Culture. Leeds Train Station, Leeds Kirkgate Market, Leeds Town Hall, Rick Manners’ School Of Boxing, Northern School Of Contemporary Dance, Sikh Temple Chapeltown Road, The Immaculate Heart of Mary Church, Etz Chaim Synagogue Sacharis Service, Myers’ Famous Kosherie, Gourmet Foods, The Glass/Goldberg Family, Brodetsky Primary School, Jewish Heritage Centre For Children, Lubavitch Centre, The Zone Youth Club Dedicated to the Eternal Memory of Mr. Murray Freedman, Mr Sam Gitlic, Grandma and Grandad. Title: “You Live as Long As you are Remembered” – Russian Proverb Title: The End