Title: Kodak Ltd. Present to you this “Cine-Kodagraph” Title: Frogs, Toads, Newts and Salamanders. Eastman Classroom Film A pond with reeds and other water plants. Title: The Frog Title: The tree frog – source of a familiar spring sound The small tree frog sits on tree branch croaking, its vocal sac underneath the throat expands and contracts. Title: Development of the green frog A pair of hands scoops out a mass of frog spawn from the pond, a closeup of the jelly-like mass. Under a...

Title: Kodak Ltd. Present to you this “Cine-Kodagraph” Title: Frogs, Toads, Newts and Salamanders. Eastman Classroom Film A pond with reeds and other water plants. Title: The Frog Title: The tree frog – source of a familiar spring sound The small tree frog sits on tree branch croaking, its vocal sac underneath the throat expands and contracts. Title: Development of the green frog A pair of hands scoops out a mass of frog spawn from the pond, a closeup of the jelly-like mass. Under a microscope the egg growing inside the jelly-like casing. Title: Newly hatched tadpoles breathe by means of external gills Four tadpoles with long tails swimming in water. Title The external gills are later replaced by internal gill’s A series of tadpoles resting or swimming in shallow water, possibly in the grit of a tank. Title: Tadpoles are eaten by various enemies A heron hunts along the edge of a water source, a tadpole swims in shallow water. Title: The hind legs appear first A tadpole resting in rocks at the bottom of a tank, it moves revealing two rear legs. A second tadpole sitting on the bottom of the tank attempts to climb the sides revealing both front as well as longer rear legs. Title: The tail is gradually absorbed into the growing body A tadpole rests on the bottom or side of a tank with its now longer legs extended. A second tadpole with a shorter tail sits in shallow water in a different tank. Someone off screen pokes it with a glass tube making it move. A hand removes a frog from the tank. Title: Only the hind feet are webbed A closeup of a frogs webbed front and rear foot; a hand separates the toes to show the details of the webbing. The frog now rests on a grassy mound. Title: The disk near the eye is an ear A closeup of said disk on the side of the frog’s head. The frog jumps into a nearby stream and uses its long back legs to swim. The pond featured at the start of the film. Title: The Toad A toad hops past another resting on the ground. Title: The eggs of a toad are laid in long strings Two toads in a pond, one hops away. Underwater strings of eggs being laid onto the bottom of a tank with closeups of the tadpoles growing and developing inside. Hatched the larvae gather around reed roots, some twitching. Title: The warts are glands which secrete a bitter fluid A hand picks up a toad and uses a pair of tweezers to squeeze two of the warts causing it to secrete a liquid. A closeup of the toad’s head and ear. Title: The toad pumps air with the mouth Another closeup of a toad head. Title: When the toad winks the eyes are pulled into the head A closeup of the toad winking changes to a hand holding it down and a pencil being using to gently close one if its eye. A toad sits on a piece of earth with a worm slithering nearby. It leaps forward and captures the worm and proceeds to eat it. As it does so a fly walks down its back. The worm finished the toad jumps away. Title: The toad absorbs water through the skin A toad sitting in shallow water, it slithers backwards lowering itself into the sediment. Title: Spurs on the hind feet are used for digging A closeup of the spurs which begin to extend change to a toad burying itself in sand. Title: Asleep for the winter The toad continues to bury itself in the sand disappearing under a mound of grass. Title: The Salamander In a classroom three children watch as their teacher holds two salamanders in his hands. He places them on a cloth covered table and they watch as they walk about. Title: The newt begins life in the water Juvenile newts known as eft’s swim about in a tank of shallow water. A closeup of one of the elf’s under a microscope. Title: Blood circulates in the feather-like gills Still under the microscope the circulatory system of a newt with blood flowing through various parts of its body. Two newts together under the microscope. Title: The newt migrates to land A newt now with legs paddle around in the water changes to one of them coming onto a riverbank and walking across a piece of wood. Title: Returning to water the adult develops a broad tail A newt slowly makes its way across a mudbank towards a stream or pond dragging a long tail at the rear. In a tank the newt swims through undergrowth finding a second salamander. Title: The mud puppy retains gills throughout life A Common mudpuppy swimming in a tank of water, its external gills moving back-and-forth collecting oxygen. It tries on several occasions to climb the side of the tank. Title: The hellbender is the largest salamander in America A hand holds the neck of a hellbender as it squirms about in a tank of water. It is released and drops to the bottom of the tank. Title: The end End title: “A Cine-Kodagraph”. Made in Great Britain. A “Kodak” Product