Metadata
WORK ID: NEFA 12564 (Master Record)
Title | Year | Date |
DURHAM MINERS GALA JULY 1969 | 1969 | 1969-01-01 |
Details
Original Format: 16mm Colour: Colour Sound: Mute Duration: 25 mins 9 secs Credits: Organisations: Durham Police Constabulary: A Technical Aid Branch Production D. Sgt. H. Geddes D.C. S.A. Davison Genre: Police Subject: Working Life Politics Coal |
Summary A record of the Durham Miners' Gala of 1969, filmed by the Durham Police Film Unit. Scenes include police gathering and planning for the event, miners and their families parading with union and colliery banners through the streets of Durham, and fairground scenes during the picnic at the old Racecourse. |
Description
A record of the Durham Miners' Gala of 1969, filmed by the Durham Police Film Unit. Scenes include police gathering and planning for the event, miners and their families parading with union and colliery banners through the streets of Durham, and fairground scenes during the picnic at the old Racecourse.
Credit: Durham Constabulary Presents
Credit: By permission of the Chief Constable A.A. Muir C.B.E., D.L.
Credit: A Technical Aid Branch Production
Title: Durham Miners Gala
Various...
A record of the Durham Miners' Gala of 1969, filmed by the Durham Police Film Unit. Scenes include police gathering and planning for the event, miners and their families parading with union and colliery banners through the streets of Durham, and fairground scenes during the picnic at the old Racecourse.
Credit: Durham Constabulary Presents
Credit: By permission of the Chief Constable A.A. Muir C.B.E., D.L.
Credit: A Technical Aid Branch Production
Title: Durham Miners Gala
Various shots of miners marching through the streets of Durham led by a brass band. Miners carry a number of colliery banners, each indicating the lodge that the miners are from, and these are raised high above the crowd. The streets are packed with onlookers watching the parade. A small crowd walks towards the green; the focus is on two women with a small boy.
Panoramic view of the racecourse gathering, filled with miners and their families. Tents and amusements are dotted around.
A mounted police officer makes his way through the crowd. The crowds relax on the grass enjoying the event. Various leisure scenes at the event follow.
Some of the event's attractions include a wrestling and boxing pavilion, a boxer and a masked wrestler (luchador) standing outside the front entrance to promote the attraction. The luchador is next to a punch bag (speed bag). A crowd watches.
People ride the fairground rides.
Tracking shot of a car driving through Pierce Street, which is filled with shops and shoppers. The street branches off at an intersection, where a police officer directs traffic. Tracking shot of a black car driving down a narrow Durham street. Cars and pedestrians line the street.
Now progressing along a wide quiet street, a silver Mark II Jaguar is in the foreground. Cars are parked on both sides of the road.
View overlooking Old Elvet Street at the Royal County Hotel.
Panoramic shot of the old racecourse where the Gala picnic is taking place.
General view of Durham Police HQ. A Police Commissioner looks over paperwork in his office. Another officer enters. The officer hands over a set of documents. The Commissioner checks the policing plans for the Miners' Gala. He points to several locations highlighted on a map of Durham.
Various shots of roads leading to the Miners' Gala are pictured. There is a police presence on the roads with officers directing traffic. At one of the roundabouts, a sky blue mini comes into view as it drives towards and around the roundabout.
A coach is parked at the end of a secluded street. A number of officers get off the coach and make their way down the street.
In the courtyards outside the main Police Headquarters, a large number of officers are gathering. Police cars and ambulances are parked up. Officers gathered within the courtyard are receiving instructions. A circle of higher ranking police officers are grouped together, addressed by a senior police figure. Officers begin leaving the station courtyard on foot. A police car follows a few seconds later heading in the same direction. A small group of mounted police officers leave the station courtyard.
Outside Durham Cathedral, small pockets of people are gathered; one group is sitting down on a grass embankment.
The Miners' Gala parade begins. ‘National Union of Mine Workers’ banners are raised. There are also banners representing the miners' various lodges.
Labour leaders and senior mining figures are on the balcony of the Royal County Hotel watching as the parade goes by, which is led by a brass band. Close-up of the balcony at the Royal County Hotel, the leaders are waving at the crowds and the parade passing by below. They include Harold Wilson, Roy Mason, Michael Foot and Judith Hart. The procession of miners and their families move down the street. Directly outside the Royal County Hotel, police on horseback are monitoring the crowd. A brass band is playing. Labour leaders are escorted on both sides by police.
View of a small bridge spanning a river with people heading to and from the Gala. A ferris wheel towers over the event; tents and crowds cover the racecouse. A helicopter flies overhead.
Union leaders take their seats on a raised podium during the Miners Gala, a large crowd in attendance. Speeches are given, including the then Prime Minister, Harold Wilson.
On the podium, a man addresses the crowd. Women begin to step up onto the podium, taking part in a beauty contest. The contestants gather in front of judges, then make their way around the podium for the winning announcement. First, second and third place winners are wearing swimsuits, each holding an envelope. The beauty contest winner in a brown and white swimsuit has a 'Coal Princess' sash draped over her shoulders; a tiara is placed on her head. She is Rose MacLauchlan, representing Westoe Colliery, South Shields, and here she is winning the regional coal queen heat. The runners-up return to the crowd and are congratulated.
Views of Durham Cathedral, people are sitting on the grass outside. A mounted police officer is at the front of a procession, behind him are a priest, a brass band, and various held colliery banners: a Cowden Lodge banner, and a Dawdon Lodge banner, draped in black cloth. The procession makes its way towards the entrance to Durham Cathedral with crowds of people on either side.
Overhead shot of the mass gathering of miners and their families. Two police officers walk through the crowd on the green, one of them wearing a long navy coat and speaking on a radio. A brass band member relaxes on the grass next to a wooden fence. A Seaham Lodge union banner can be seen in shot.
An ice cream van is parked on the green: groups of people relax around the van. Miners' union advertising and paper documentation is laid out on the ground: signs and newspapers supporting the miners.
Morris dancers perform for the crowd.
Overhead views of the Court Inn and Dun Cow Inn. People are gathered in groups outside chatting and drinking pints of beer. Close-up of a man with long hair and tattoos on his right arm as he kneels at the corner of a street drinking a pint of beer. View of the Half Moon Inn on New Elvet Street. People are sitting on the pavement, drinking and waving.
General view at the racecourse, tents dotted around and the Ferris wheel in the background. Shot of the Ferris wheel as it is turning, an excited crowd observing. Groups of people are gathered around the white sweet stalls where bags of pink candy floss are hanging. There is also an inflatable balloon stall selling balloon animals and vehicles such as a green rabbit and a submarine.
A small group of officers are outside Police HQ. A beige ambulance is in the background. A line of officers walk out into the street with coats draped over their arms. Two senior police figures are speaking in front of a group of police officers in the courtyard. Another group of officers leave the police station as a police car is being refueled; a red fire engine is also in the background. Officers with Alsatian police dogs make their way into the street. Two mounted police officers leave the station and head around a street corner.
A police officer in the control room is making a phone call. The same officer talks on a police radio. Another policeman stands outside his car, the door open, answering his radio. Close-up of the officer speaking on the radio. Two police motorbikes leave the police station courtyard, followed quickly by an ambulance.
Panoramic view of the Miners' Gala picnic taking place on the old Racecourse. The area is packed with tents, attractions and people. View looking up to the Ferris wheel silhouetted against a cloudy sky. Selection of colorful fairground rides spinning around, enjoyed by crowds of people.
The final shot is of an empty hotdog stand.
Credit: Filmed by D. Sgt. H. Geddes D.C. S.A. Davison
Title: The End
Context
Every second Saturday in July one of the great traditions of the North East takes place. A proud parade of brass bands and banners, “as big and ornate as stained-glass windows”, wends its way through the streets of Durham City to the Old Racecourse as part of a special celebration and spectacle that grew out of the trade unionism of miners in the region, the first Union established in 1869. This lively film is a record of the 86th Durham Miners’ Gala, also commonly known as the ‘Big Meeting’....
Every second Saturday in July one of the great traditions of the North East takes place. A proud parade of brass bands and banners, “as big and ornate as stained-glass windows”, wends its way through the streets of Durham City to the Old Racecourse as part of a special celebration and spectacle that grew out of the trade unionism of miners in the region, the first Union established in 1869. This lively film is a record of the 86th Durham Miners’ Gala, also commonly known as the ‘Big Meeting’. It took place on Saturday 19 July 1969, one hundred years after miners first organised to challenge exploitative pit owners and champion safer working conditions.
The first Gala was held on 12 August, 1871, in Wharton Park, Durham, above the railway station. The Durham Miners' Association hired 40 police to encourage shop-keepers in the town centre to stay open. The event began as a campaign by Northern mine workers to lobby pit bosses, who met regularly at the Royal County Hotel to set mining wages. In 1872, 40,000 people attended the Gala at Durham racecourse. The Gala was always a political rally as well as a celebration for the families of men who dug up the coal, deep underground, which created the nation’s wealth. Left-wing politicians and trades union leaders customarily cheer on the parade from the balcony of the County Hotel and deliver speeches at the racecourse picnic where the mass of banners still create a ‘colourful tapestry of working class history”. Amongst the political guests invited to the Gala in 1969 were the Labour Prime Minister, Harold Wilson; Rt. Hon. Roy Mason, M.P., Minister of Power; Michael Foot, M.P.; and Rt. Hon. Judith Hart, M.P., Paymaster General. Lawrence Daly, the Secretary of the National Union of Mineworkers from 1968 to March 1984, officiated. He was a powerful speaker amongst many great trades union orators of the day (for example Arthur Scargill, Peter Heathfield) and a key figure in the NUM's two successful confrontations with Edward Heath's Conservative government in the early 1970s. A few months after the Gala, on 13 October, just under half of the 307 collieries owned by the National Coal Board would be involved in an unofficial two week strike over wage claims. The miners’ relations with Labour politicians were often fractious. A BBC ‘A Year in the Life’ documentary filmed in County Durham captured the frosty reception for speeches at the rainy 1968 Gala where Harold Wilson sidestepped questions about whether a new power station planned at Seaton Carew would be coal-powered or nuclear. Barbara Castle was also at the time in the firing line over her White Paper on reform of industrial relations, In Place of Strife, and a change in incomes policy that she acknowledged would adversely affect miners and their families. The Labour party subsequently suffered defeat in the 1970 general election. This film of the Miners Gala is one of a number donated to North East Film Archive by the Durham Police, produced by their Technical Aids Department in the 1960s and 70s, which recorded events such as the opening of the police headquarters at Aykley Heads by James Callaghan and the construction of the Aykley Heads radio mast designed by Ove Arup & Partners, police cadet training and open days. There’s a blurred line between record, propaganda and surveillance in this particular film. It feels innocently amateur in the way the revelry and spectacle of the 1969 Gala are documented, focusing on the fun of fairground attractions on the racecourse featuring showman Ron Taylor’s Excelsior boxing booth and sideshows advertising ‘Joanna Half Man! Half Woman!’ and ‘The Magnificent Kap-Duran, the two-headed Giant from Cuba’, and also lingering on a child enjoying an ice cream in the sunshine. And pictured after the serious rhetoric of the politicians’ speeches, contestants in a regional Coal Queen beauty contest heat climb onto the Platform 2 stage, including the winner Rose MacLauchlan representing Westoe Colliery, South Shields. In the same year she would go on to represent County Durham in the first ever National Coal Queen of Great Britain event, held at Derbyshire Miners Holiday Camp in Skegness. She won the title. But the film also serves as a utilitarian record of the planning and successful execution of strategic police and traffic management operations for the event, tracking through the city’s tight medieval streets (the route of the parade) in pre-event reconnaissance, and later turning the camera on drinkers outside the city’s pubs, as well as the role of the police force itself. The film is introduced with titles and credits, suggesting it was shown to an audience. However, it's not entirely clear if the film was solely for internal police presentations, or as entertainment and propaganda for a wider audience. Wonderfully illustrated in this film are the miners’ banners, which consist of imaginative painted and embroidered designs, many containing socialist iconography, political slogans (“Unity is strength”, Blackhall Lodge’s “Need before greed” or Dawdon lodge’s “Knowledge is Power”, for instance) and the folklore of individual collieries and pit communities. As a decorative and performative symbol of the identity and aspirations of organisations who had a tradition of marching, it’s contradictory that the origin of nineteenth and twentieth century banners can be traced back to a time when membership of trade societies was illegal and meetings highly secretive. Traditionally, a draped black cloth was hung from a banner to mark a pit death in the previous year, or, as pits across the country gradually closed from the 1960s, to commemorate significant anniversaries of disasters at the colliery they represent. The camera focuses on the banner representing Dawdon Colliery in this film. It bears a draped black cloth as it is carried into Durham Cathedral, no doubt marking the death of three men in 1968 who were crushed while repairing a stone tippler at Noses Point, Dawdon, a rocky promontory at the edge of the chilly waters of the North Sea. Durham Miners Gala was “bigger than Christmas” at its peak in the 1950s and 60s, attracting over a quarter of a million people, (as evidenced in the endless waves of men, women and children pictured in 1969). The busy, jostling physicality of the Gala parade is a working class street theatre made for the camera, carnivalesque in its exuberance. In 2013, the then Bishop of Durham called the meeting “the one thing in this country as iconic as this building”, speaking of the magnificent Cathedral where the banners are blessed during the traditional miners’ service, miners who were “producers of culture as well as coal”. Durham Miners’ Gala continues (precariously). For some, the event is not just a dialogue with the past since the disappearance of the British coal industry and its cleansing from the cultural and physical landscape. In 2012 Dave Hopper, Secretary of the Durham Miners Association (until his death in 2016), said: “The Gala is still as relevant as it’s ever been. It’s the only mass working class demonstration left in the country.” References: https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/reviews-recommendations/miners-hymns http://nottspolitics.org/2012/07/16/miliband-addresses-the-big-meeting-a-return-to-labours-past/ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-18797668 http://www.dmm.org.uk/colliery/d001.htm http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/debunking-bishop-myth---history-4418862 North East History, Volume 44 2013 |